Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor for gout?

• A. Hyperuricemia
• B. Vitamin C intake
• C. Alcohol consumption
• D. Organ transplant

Answer: (B)

Vitamin C intake is not a risk factor for gout; in fact, higher vitamin C intake can help lower serum uric acid and may reduce the risk of gout attacks by promoting urate excretion in the kidneys. Hyperuricemia, the condition of elevated uric acid, is a key risk factor because it provides the circulating urate that can crystallize in joints. Alcohol consumption increases gout risk by boosting uric acid production and reducing its elimination. Organ transplant patients often take medications (like certain immunosuppressants or diuretics) that raise uric acid levels, also increasing gout risk.